Pros and cons of different data structures

Arrays - 
Pros:
1. Access to an array element is fast since we can compute its location quickly.

Cons:
1. If we want to insert or delete an element, we have to shift subsequent elements which slows our computation down.
2. We need a large enough block of memory to hold our array.
3. Easily corrupted (One can easily inset data in middle)


Linked Lists - 
Pros:
1. Inserting and deleting data does not require us to move/shift subsequent data elements.

Cons:
1. If we want to access a specific element, we need to traverse the list from the head of the list to find it which can take longer than an array access.
2. Linked lists require more memory.
3. Easily corrupted (One can easily inset data in middle)


Stack - 
Pros:
1. Helps manage the data in particular way (LIFO) which is not possible with Linked list and array.
2. When function is called the local varriables are stored in stack and destroyed once returned. Stack is used when varriable is not used outside the function.
So, it gives control over how memory is allocated and deallocated
3. Stack frees you from the burden of remembering to cleanup(read delete) the object
4. Not easily corrupted (No one can easily inset data in middle)

Cons:
1. Stack memory is limited.
2. Creating too many objects on the stack will increase the chances of stack overflow
3. Random access not possible


Queue - 
Pros:
1. Helps manage the data in particular way (FIFO). which is not possible with Linked list and array.
2. Not easily corrupted (No one can easily inset data in middle)

Cons:
1. Random access not possible


Tree - 
Pros:
1. Searching is faster (with some ordering e.g., BST). we can search for a given key in moderate time (quicker than Linked List and slower than arrays).
2. Insert/delete keys in moderate time (quicker than Arrays and slower than Unordered Linked Lists).

Cons:
1. High overhead
2. Large waste of unused links
3. Predetermined limit on number of a node’s children

Heap - 
Pros:
1. When the data in the variable is needed beyond the lifetime of the current function.
2. It can offer the maximum memory an OS can provide

Cons:
1. You must make sure to free the memory when you are done

Graph - 
Pros:
1. Finding the path in efficient way

Cons:
1. High overhead
2. Large waste of unused links